Nanophotonics enables unprecedented control over the spatiotemporal profile of light. Structures such as nanoparticle-on-mirror cavities and metasurfaces confine fields below the molecular length scale or direct scattering with high precision in polarization and angle. We use these platforms to (1) advance single-molecule optical spectroscopy and (2) achieve fine control over individual quantum emitters. These capabilities open pathways to spectroscopy under modified selection rules, imaging with sub-nanometer resolution, and new strategies to manipulate emission and track molecular dynamics at the single-molecule level. Our work integrates concepts from quantum optics, including state-of-the-art single-photon detection and interferometric techniques, to push the boundaries of nanoscale spectroscopy.

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